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The Pahlavi dynasty () was an Iranian royal dynasty that was the Pahlavi Iran before the country's monarchy was overthrown by the Iranian Revolution in 1979. It was founded in 1925 by Reza Shah, born Reza Khan, a non-aristocratic Iranian soldier of Mazanderani origin, who took on the name of the Pahlavi scripts of the Middle Persian from the Sasanian Empire of pre-Islamic Iran. The dynasty largely espoused this form of Iranian nationalism rooted in the pre-Islamic era (notably based on the Achaemenid Empire) during its time in power, especially under its last Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. (1387). 9789644425974, نشر البرز. ISBN 9789644425974 (1387). 9789645925466, حکایت قلم نوین. ISBN 9789645925466 (1398). 9781780837628, روزنه،لندن:اچ انداس. ISBN 9781780837628
The dynasty replaced the Qajar family in 1925 after the 1921 coup d'état, beginning on 14 January 1921 when 42-year-old soldier Reza Khan was promoted by British General Edmund Ironside to lead the British-run Persian Cossack Brigade. About a month later, under British direction, Reza Khan's 3,000–4,000 strong detachment of the Cossack Brigade reached Tehran.Brysac, Shareen Blair. "A Very British Coup: How Reza Shah Won and Lost His Throne." World Policy Journal 24, no. 2 (2007): 90–103. Accessed 8 August 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40210096 The rest of the country was taken by 1923, and by October 1925 the Majlis agreed to depose and formally exile Ahmad Shah Qajar. The Majlis declared Reza Pahlavi as the Shah of Iran on 12 December 1925, pursuant to the Persian Constitution of 1906. Initially, Pahlavi had planned to declare the country a republic, as his contemporary Mustafa Kemal Atatürk had done in Turkey, but he abandoned the idea in the face of British and clerical opposition.
The dynasty ruled Iran as an autocratic monarchy, with a brief pluralistic period from 1941 to 1953, when Mohammed Mossadegh was overthrown, returning to authoritarianism, with a brief Rastakhiz Party until the dynasty was removed from power in 1979.
9780844411873, Government Printing Office. . ISBN 9780844411873
Family background
In 1878, Reza Khan was born at the village of Alasht in Savadkuh County, Mazandaran Province. His parents were Abbas Ali Khan and Noushafarin Ayromlou. His mother was a Muslim immigrant from Georgia (then part of the Russian Empire) whose family had emigrated to mainland Qajar Iran after Iran was forced to cede all of its territories in the Caucasus following the Russo-Persian Wars several decades prior to Reza's birth.Homa Katouzian. "State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qajars and the Emergence of the Pahlavis" I.B.Tauris, 2006. p 269 His father was a Mazandarani, commissioned in the 7th Savadkuh County Regiment, and served in the Anglo-Persian War in 1856.
Pahlavi monarchs, regents, and heads of the house
27 July 1980
(Death)Pahlavi dynasty 1878–current
(aged )15 December 1925 11 February 1979 53 years
Reign of Pahlavi monarchs and tenure of later pretenders; and their lifespan
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Consorts
26 October 1967
( as Shahbanu)27 July 1980
()Office vacant from 27 July 1980 to 12 June 1986
Heirs
The 1906 constitution of Iran specifically provided that only a male who was not descended from the Qajar family could become the heir apparent. (1999). 9788120816428, Motilal Banarsidass Publ.. ISBN 9788120816428 This made all half-brothers of Mohammad Reza ineligible to become heirs to the throne. Until his death in 1954, the Shah's only full brother Ali Reza was his heir presumptive. The constitution also required the Shah to be of Iranian peoples descent, meaning that his father and mother are Iranian. (1976). 9780839777533, P. S. Eriksson. ISBN 9780839777533
Line of succession in February 1979
Current line of succession
List of crown princes
Office vacant from 15 December 1925 to 24 April 1926 Office vacant from 16 September 1941 to 26 October 1967
Royal jewels
Monuments
Use of titles
See also
External links
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